Thoracoscopy-bronchoscopy is a combined minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to examine and treat conditions affecting the lungs, pleura, and airways. Thoracoscopy, also known as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) when performed with video guidance, involves inserting a thoracoscope through small incisions in the chest wall to visualize the pleural space, lungs, and mediastinum. It is commonly used for pleural biopsies, lung biopsies, fluid drainage, and treating pleural diseases such as malignancies or infections.

Bronchoscopy, on the other hand, involves inserting a flexible or rigid bronchoscope through the mouth or nose into the trachea and bronchi to examine and treat airway disorders. It allows for the visualization of the airway, collection of tissue or fluid samples, removal of foreign bodies, and interventions such as stent placement or laser therapy for airway obstructions.

The combination of thoracoscopy and bronchoscopy enhances diagnostic accuracy, particularly in complex pulmonary cases, including lung cancer staging, interstitial lung disease evaluation, and pleural effusions of unknown origin. It also improves treatment outcomes by enabling simultaneous airway and pleural interventions. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, but in some cases, local anesthesia with sedation may be used.