Polysomnography, commonly known as a sleep study or sleep lab test, is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to evaluate sleep disorders. Conducted in a specialized sleep lab, this overnight test monitors various physiological parameters while a person sleeps, helping doctors identify issues affecting sleep quality and overall health.

During the test, sensors are attached to the patient’s body to record brain activity (EEG), eye movements, heart rate, breathing patterns, blood oxygen levels, muscle activity, and body movements. These recordings provide valuable insights into different sleep stages, disruptions, and abnormalities.

Polysomnography is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, insomnia, and REM sleep behavior disorder. It helps determine how often a person stops breathing during sleep, how much time is spent in each sleep stage, and whether there are disruptions that prevent restorative rest.

The test is painless and non-invasive, though some patients may find it slightly uncomfortable to sleep with the sensors attached. A trained sleep technologist monitors the data throughout the night, and the results are later analyzed by a sleep specialist.

In some cases, a split-night study is performed, where diagnosis and treatment (like using a CPAP machine for sleep apnea) are both conducted in the same night.

Overall, polysomnography is an essential tool in identifying and managing sleep disorders. By accurately diagnosing the root cause of sleep problems, it enables tailored treatment plans that improve sleep quality, daytime alertness, and overall health and well-being.